Exercise demo
Bulgarian split squat
The Bulgarian split squat is the single best leg exercise for older lifters who want bilateral squat numbers without the spinal load. It quietly hammers the quads and glutes, exposes side-to-side imbalances, and demands very little of the lower back.
Primary muscle
Quads
Equipment
Dumbbell
Force
Squat
Mechanics
Compound
Setup
Stand a stride length in front of a bench. Place the top of one foot on the bench behind you, laces down. Front foot far enough forward that, at the bottom, the front shin is roughly vertical. Hold a dumbbell in each hand by your sides.
How to do it
-
1
Find your stance
Adjust the front-foot distance until the bottom of the rep feels balanced. Most lifters are surprised at how far forward the front foot needs to be.
-
2
Descend straight down
Bend the front knee and lower the back knee toward the floor. The trunk stays roughly upright. The descent takes two seconds.
-
3
Stop just off the floor
Lower until the back knee hovers a couple of centimetres above the floor or until the front-leg quad reaches a deep stretch.
-
4
Drive up through the front heel
Push the floor away through the front heel. Avoid driving with the toes; that loads the front knee. Return to the start, complete the set, switch legs.
Common mistakes
- • Front foot too close, which drives the knee well past the toes and loads the kneecap.
- • Bouncing the back knee off the floor.
- • Leaning the torso forward, which loads the back rather than the front leg.
- • Driving up through the front toes rather than the heel.
- • Going too heavy before balance is solid.
Variations
Goblet Bulgarian split squat
Single dumbbell held at the chest. Easier on the trunk than two-side load, slightly harder on the front-leg quad. Good substitute when grip is fatigued.
Front foot elevated split squat
Front foot on a low plate. Deeper range, harder on the front leg. Save it for later.
Goblet squat
Bilateral, much simpler. Good warm-up lift before Bulgarians, or a substitute when the joints want a quieter day.
See the goblet squat pageFAQ
How is this different from a lunge? +
My balance is awful. What do I do? +
How heavy? +
Are these safe for my knees? +
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